Cattle and Goats:
- To avoid the spread of infections, strict cleanliness and sanitation must be maintained on farm grounds.
- Regular supplementation of mineral combination @50-60g/day to adult cows and calcium @70-80ml/day/cow to lactating and pregnant cows is critical for milking cows to achieve maximum output and productivity while avoiding illness recurrence.
- To keep animals healthy, use proper management techniques such as feeding, watering, housing (clean, dry, and well aired), and general cleanliness.
- Calves should be dewormed as early as 21 days of age with Piperazine against roundworm at a dose of 110-130mg/kg body weight. Adult cows should be dewormed with Fenbendazole (7mg/kg body weight).
- Ensure that goats are dewormed with Albendazole at 7.5mg/kg body weight. In the case of a pregnant dosage, pregnancy-safe anthelmintics (Fenbendazole 25mg/kg body weight) should be given 15 days before the predicted date of delivery.
- Feed ingredients should be stored in a dry location to minimise fungus development (Aflatoxicosis).
- To minimise contamination, a foot wash should be performed at the farm’s access point.
- Balanced and timely feeding (dry fodder, roughages, concentrate, vitamins, minerals, etc.) should be practised for maximum productivity and health.
- Avoid slipping on a slick floor, especially if you have pregnant animals.
- Vaccination and deworming should be done on a regular basis.
Poultry Birds:
- Litter materials in poultry farms should be dried and replaced on a regular basis to reduce the occurrence of coccidiosis.
- To limit the spread of infections, chicken farms should have enough ventilation and spacing.
- Provide artificial warmth to poultry birds (day old to 25 days old) using electric bulb lighting to protect them from low temperatures at night.
- During the day, keep the poultry house adequately aired.
- Vaccinate poultry birds against Ranikhet, IBD, fowl pox, and Marek illness.
- Poultry chickens should be de-wormed with piperazine @32mg/kg in two consecutive feeds or water against roundworms and Albendazole @10mg/kg body weight against other worms with or without Praziquantel @5 mg/kg body weight, depending on the age of the bird.
Piggery:
- Pigs should be de-wormed with Albendazole (5 mg/kg body weight) and Piperazine (110-200 mg/kg body weight) especially against roundworm.
- Pig farmers are recommended to feed pregnant sows with a mineral combination at 50-60 gm/day and nursing sows with calcium at 60-80 ml/day/sow on a regular basis.
- Visitors should be restricted from entering the farms, and strong bio-security procedures should be followed. In a foot bath, use a good disinfectant.
- Vaccinate pigs against Swine fever. Bovines are vaccinated against FMD, BQ, and HS.
- In piglet pens, a creep box with a heating source (lamp) should be utilised to prevent mortality from snow trampling and cold shock.