Livestock:
- After the rainy season, livestock should be adequately dewormed for internal parasites and dipped for external parasites in collaboration with veterinary physicians, state veterinary departments, or KVKs.
- Vaccination schedules for livestock illnesses should be followed as recommended by the state Veterinary Department, for example, immunisation for swine fever in pigs, vaccination for FMD in animals, and so on.
- Proper shelter with ventilation should be given to protect cattle from high stress caused by hot and humid conditions.
- At cattle ranches, strict bio-security precautions must be followed. Foot baths with phenyl, Dettol, Savlon, and other chemicals should be offered at the farm’s entrance. Spraying hypochlorite solutions, phenol solutions, or dusting with lime should be used to clean and disinfect the area around the animal shelter.
- Ad libitum access to clean, tasty water should be supplied.
- Livestock should be fed in a balanced manner. If feasible, low-cost feed should be made using locally accessible feed materials such as broken rice, rice bran, coconut cake, Chunni (pulse), Till Cake, Azolla, and so on.
- To prevent dampening and moulding, livestock feed should be kept in a dry and cold environment.
- To reduce early piglet mortality throughout the cold, newborn piglets should be given artificial heat.
- Farmers can spread fodder seeds or cuttings in their fields to provide a year-round supply of nutritious fodder, such as para grass, Guinea grass, hybrid Napier, and sorghum.
- Excess fodder should be gathered and processed into haylage or silage for use during a dry time.
- Mineral combination supplementation (@ 50g cattle, 25g goats, and pigs) should be supplied for improved animal production and reproductive performance.
- Avoid herding or farming of many species on the same property.
- To minimise dust and microbial contamination of milk, clean milk production practices should be maintained while milking, storing, transporting, and marketing.
- Always use a mask, sanitiser, or soap to wash your hands, and keep social distance at fields and markets.
Poultry:
- In consultation with veterinary physicians, state veterinary departments, or KVKs, poultry should be thoroughly dewormed for internal parasites and dipped/dusted for exterior parasites.
- Immunization schedules for avoiding poultry illnesses should be followed as recommended by the state Veterinary Department, for example, vaccination for Ranikhet, IBD, Marek’s, and other diseases for poultry.
- Proper housing with ventilation should be given to protect the chickens from excessive stress conditions. Avoid using bright lights for illumination in the poultry shed.
- Spraying Hypochloride solutions, phenol solutions, or dusting with lime should be used to clean and disinfect the environment around the chickens.
- Empty chicken sheds should be cleaned and fumigated using formalin and potassium permanganate, or sprayed with a 10% formalin solution to disinfect.
- Poultry should be fed in a balanced manner. The low-cost feed should be made using locally accessible feed materials such as broken rice, rice bran, coconut cake, channi (pulse), until cake, fishmeal, Azolla, shell grits, and so on.
- To prevent dampening and moulding, chicken feed should be stored in a dry and cold location.
- For optimal growth and to prevent mortality, chicks should be given artificial brooding for up to 4-6 weeks.
- Ad libitum access to clean, tasty water should be supplied.
- Deep litters should be rotated and mixed with limes on a regular basis to prevent dampening and cake development, which leads to fungus growth.
- Strict Bio-security precautions should be implemented in chicken farms.
- Foot baths with phenyl, Dettol, Savlon, and other chemicals should be offered at the farm’s entrance.
Fisheries:
- By keeping the water depth at 5-6 feet, you can maintain a comfortable zone for fishing below the surface layer, which is heated up beyond the recommended temperature range (28-32oC) during the summer.
- Provision of partial shade for the pond using non-deciduous trees or other ways to reduce the impact of high temperatures.
- Because of increased biological activity in the pond, oxygen levels may decrease to fatal levels, especially at dawn. As a result, aerating the ponds in the early morning hours before dawn, either by adding new water or by using aerators.
- A high oxygen content (5 mg/l or ppm) will keep the fish healthy and boost its food conversion efficiency, resulting in rapid development and increased output. If the fish rise to the top to gulp atmospheric air, this provides aeration while also suspending fish manuring and eating. Partially exchanging water enhances water quality.
- The diurnal change in water pH should be monitored since it may exceed the acceptable range of 7.5 to 9 owing to the excessive development of algal blooms in the pond.
- Pond manuring/fertilization must be halted if the water turns dark green, dark brown, or greenish-brown in hue and a green, brown, or occasionally red coloured algal mat emerges on the water’s surface.
- Bottom racking with barbed wire is advised on a regular basis to prevent the accumulation of harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia toxicity in fishponds rises with temperature and pH, which may be minimised by maintaining the ponds adequately aerated and applying a dose of gypsum/alum as recommended by experts.
- Maintaining regular plankton (natural fish food) generation in the pond and providing a nutritionally balanced supplemental diet is also critical. Maintain a high level of plankton in the pond by combining organic and inorganic fertilisers.
- Farmers are advised to use fully decomposed organic manure (FYM, biogas slurry, vermicompost, or poultry manure) at recommended rates and to feed the fish daily after sunrise (between 9-11 a.m.) with good quality feed containing 25 per cent crude protein @ 1.5-2.0 per cent of the fish body weight, preferably by bag feeding.
- Suspend feeding if fish come to the surface to gasp for air or if the illness is detected in the fish.
- Increased speed, feed, and fertiliser input should be avoided. It not only raises input costs, but it also raises output costs.